{"id":16314,"date":"2023-03-14T13:04:29","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T13:04:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ambassadornews.org\/?p=16314"},"modified":"2023-03-14T13:04:33","modified_gmt":"2023-03-14T13:04:33","slug":"an-american-water-crisis-it-could-affect-canada-too%ef%bf%bc%ef%bf%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ambassadornews.org\/en\/an-american-water-crisis-it-could-affect-canada-too%ef%bf%bc%ef%bf%bc\/","title":{"rendered":"An American water crisis. It could affect Canada, too\ufffc\ufffc"},"content":{"rendered":"

These are desperate days for the Colorado River<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The pulsing lifeblood of the U.S. southwest is increasingly parched. To avert catastrophe, the U.S. government will, within weeks, propose historic cuts in water access. It\u2019s a frantic move to protect a river that provides so much: drinking water for tens of millions of people, electricity and food. Lots of food<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This indispensable waterway supplies farms that feed hundreds of millions of people, throughout the continent \u2014 including Canadians<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ever wonder how those fresh green vegetables get to your grocery store in the dead of a Canadian winter? Here\u2019s your answer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The vast majority of lettuce Canada imports in winter, and much of its broccoli, cauliflower and spinach, comes from Arizona and California farms irrigated with water from the Colorado River. In fact, at least 70 per cent of this river\u2019s water is used for agriculture,\u00a0according to a 2020 study<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the water level is shrinking<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fields like these, on California\u2019s border with Arizona, produce the vast majority of lettuce Canadians consume in winter. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under historic agreements, including the Colorado River Compact of 1922, the river gets split three ways: 7.5 million acre-feet of water goes to four upstream states each year, 7.5 million goes to three downstream states, and Mexico gets 1.5 million. That\u2019s 16.5 million acre-feet per year. (An acre-foot \u2014 the equivalent to a soccer field, covered in one foot of water \u2014 is about enough to supply one or two households per year)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But there\u2019s a problem. A classic imbalance of supply and demand: Too little water supply, too much demand<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The river, in other words, is running a deficit. It\u2019s been happening since around 2000 and it\u2019s getting worse<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s a trifecta of factors causing the trouble: A long-ago math miscalculation; then a population boom; and finally a hotter, drier climate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A century ago, policymakers overestimated the Colorado River flow; that flow has, since 1906, averaged 10 per cent lower than expected<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s been exacerbated by factor No. 2: a once-in-a-millennium drought now entering its third decade. Since 2000, the river has produced 25 per cent less than its historic allocation,\u00a0according to recent congressional research<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there\u2019s higher-than-expected demand. New residents have flocked to the U.S. southwest in recent decades in a population boom that saw cities like Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix and Las Vegas sprout into metropolises<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So this river system that was built to irrigate farms wound up supplying some 40 million people. It\u2019s being over-used \u2014 by about one-third<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s now a race to avert a catastrophe, one with an appropriately ominous-sounding name: it\u2019s called dead pool<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dead pool is what happens when the water drops so low that it just sits there, stuck, stagnant behind a dam. These dams are the pumping heart of the southwestern U.S. water system, feeding irrigation canals, homes and power lines. With these dams paralyzed, the system collapses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most famous? The Hoover Dam, near Las Vegas.Behind that dam, a reservoir, Lake Mead, has seen\u00a0its water level plunge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the downward spiral of the last three years persists, the dam would, in just a few years,\u00a0stop generating electricity<\/a>\u00a0(known as inactive pool), imperilling a power supply equivalent to what\u2019s used by over one million homes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then a few more years after that, should the trend continue, the Lake Mead reservoir could fall to 270 metres, where the flow of water halts: Dead pool<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The pumping heart of the Colorado River system is at risk of failure. Water levels are declining at unsustainable rates, including here, at the Lake Mead reservoir behind the Hoover Dam. (John Locher\/The Associated Press, Justin Sullivan\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enter the federal government. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation was founded in 1902 to build and manage water systems in the fast-developing western states. It\u2019s now sounding the alarm over what it calls the most severe challenge in its history<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It has\u00a0announced cutbacks<\/a>\u00a0are urgently required to avert an unprecedented crisis, and this is in addition to previously planned cuts<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It wants a reduction by millions of acre-feet which, combined with existing reductions, amounts to a clawback of 20 to 40 per cent in water use<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat\u2019s huge. Unthinkable, frankly,\u201d said Paul Brierly, a farmer and researcher at the University of Arizona in Yuma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The hard part? Deciding who gets what. States have tried for months to negotiate a voluntary agreement amongst themselves, as they historically have<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So far they\u2019ve failed<\/a>. Since last year, they\u2019ve missed two deadlines<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now the federal government is expected to take the unprecedented step of releasing its own proposal within weeks; that draft proposal would be finalized this summer and take effect later this year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Paul Brierley is the executive director of the Yuma Center of Excellence for Desert Agriculture at the University of Arizona. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cue the arguments. There\u2019s an old saying in these parts, attributed, perhaps incorrectly, to the author Mark Twain: Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting over<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this period of scarcity, difficult decisions are being made. And it\u2019s pitting state versus state: upstream states versus downstream ones \u2014 and the heaviest-using state, California, against everyone else. It\u2019s pitting farmers against city-dwellers. Older population centres against newer ones. All of them vying for water rights<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California has a powerful legal argument: it has established rights, predating the growth of neighbouring states<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The neighbouring states counter with a moral argument: You can\u2019t just cut off water to millions of their homes so California can carry on with business as usual<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When it comes to California, Arizona farmer Terry Button says: \u201cThey need to step it up.\u2026 And the cities, too\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One thing is almost certain. Any federal plan will provoke lawsuits, with potentially lengthy legal fights<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Farmer Terry Button walks across one of his fields near Sacaton, Ariz. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The biggest losers in two recent rounds of cuts were central Arizona farmers, which is exactly as planned<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the event of shortages, this state, and especially the centre of this state, is first on the chopping block<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s partly due to a carefully negotiated agreement in the 1960s: it gave central Arizona a new canal, but gave California priority access in the event of a shortage. The result? Arizona has already lost 21 per cent of its river access entering this year. And that\u2019s excluding the upcoming federal cuts<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California, so far, has lost zero per cent<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Agriculture is estimated to use more than 70 per cent of the Colorado River\u2019s water, setting up a tension between farmers and city-dwellers. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some of Nancy Caywood\u2019s land is now dusty and fallow. She\u2019s a farmer south of Phoenix whose family has been working this land for five generations. Her parents went on their first date at a nearby highway bar where country legend Waylon Jennings got his start<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farms in her area face new threats, and not just from California. Cities are exploding in growth. Expanding suburbs and industrial parks have created competition for precious water and, she says, the city-dwellers want the farmers gone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople who move into this area \u2014 they call us things … \u2018podunk farmers\u2019 and \u2018inbreds,\u2019\u201d Caywood says<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She recalled being at a store recently and hearing two ladies talking. One just moved here from California, and Caywood recalled her saying: I hate farmers. \u2026 They trash our air. They pollute our soil. They use our water<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She said she believes urban areas, and California, need to take more cuts in the next round<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nancy Caywood looks out at her fallow field in Casa Grande, Ariz., just south of Phoenix. She has had to stop growing on parts of her property because of cuts to water allocation. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s not just farmers struggling. A\u00a0feud has erupted<\/a>\u00a0in a prosperous Phoenix suburb. One community was cut off its water supply. Rio Verde Foothills has grown quickly in the desert. Ranch country is turning into subdivisions. There is, for now, no municipal government<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The unincorporated community was buying water from the city of Scottsdale, getting it hauled to homes in trucks. Until Jan. 1, when Scottsdale stopped the sales<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now water trucks are travelling from further away to supply this community, more than doubling prices overnight. People are showering at gyms, eating on paper plates, collecting rain water to flush the toilet, even using toilets less frequently<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It all goes back to the Colorado River<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s where Scottsdale gets most of its drinking water and it has a limited annual entitlement: 81,000 acre-feet per year. It\u2019s been forced to cut five per cent since 2021, and is bracing for far more severe cuts. To preserve its own water, it dumped the customer next door<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The communities are now trying to work out a stopgap plan as Rio Verde Foothills finds a longer-term solution<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Easier said than done, however. Residents have feuded over who should lead the project<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karen Nabity proposed creating a public water utility and said she received threats from residents who don\u2019t want government in their unincorporated community and who prefer to hire a private company, a subsidiary of Edmonton-based Epcor. She filed a police report while friends kept watch over her front porch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another resident, horse-breeder Mike Miola, laments: \u201cIt\u2019s getting mean. People are angry<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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This unincorporated community of Rio Verde Foothills, northeast of Phoenix, has lost its regular water supplier. Now water-haulers like John Hornewer, lower right, are struggling to supply customers here. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here\u2019s one way to solve the problem: Stop growing alfalfa. Animal feed uses a staggering share of the river\u2019s water,\u00a0about half<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But if only it were that simple. This is cowboy country, and cows love alfalfa. Proximity to the feed supports the regional cattle and dairy industries. Farmers also love alfalfa. It\u2019s great for the soil, providing nutrients. It\u2019s easy to harvest and requires fewer workers than, say, lettuce. That makes it especially popular with small-scale farmers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Indigenous Gila River community, alfalfa farmer Brian Davis says he couldn\u2019t grow lettuce here. It\u2019s too far from border communities where Mexican migrants enter the U.S. under federal guest-worker programs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHere it\u2019d be too costly for me,\u201d Davis said. \u201cWhere am I gonna get my labour from\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Brian Davis stands in his alfalfa field in Sacaton, Ariz. He says he can’t grow lettuce, a less water-intensive crop. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Davis holds some influence: he\u2019s a local councillor and his community is a powerful player in water management. It\u2019s been an adjustment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This Indigenous community suffered historic atrocities. In the late 19th century, settlers in neighbouring towns diverted the nearby Gila River. That destroyed ancient agricultural practices and triggered a years-long famine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEverybody recognized that what had happened here was a travesty,\u201d said David DeJong, who is the local water manager<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He recalls one indignity he witnessed while teaching in a local high school after he moved here in 1992. A girl ran into the classroom shouting that there had been a fire outside. The community had no fire department. So students \u2014 his students \u2014 ran out to fight the blaze<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the first things the community did after opening a casino, he said, was use the revenue to build a fire department. It also paid for lawyers. After generations of court fights, the Gila River community finally won water access. It gained 653,000 acre-feet per year from various sources in a 2004 settlement, including Colorado River water<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The community now controls twice as much water as the state of Nevada, selling it and storing it for other jurisdictions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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David DeJong, shown in the top two images, is the water manager in the Gila River Indigenous community. He says new technology here, and across Arizona, is saving water and preventing waste. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DeJong is now in the midst of a major refurbishment. The goal? Reduce waste<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Old dirt ditches are on the way out. Irrigation canals are now being lined with concrete to reduce seepage. Rusty old gates have been replaced by marine-grade steel, operated remotely. He\u2019s starting to cover canals with solar panels, to limit evaporation while also generating electricity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Throughout the state, solar panels are going up over parts of fields; that limits excess sun exposure and evaporation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an office, DeJong points at a map. One location, he says, was losing 70 per cent of its water; now it\u2019s losing, at most, five per cent, in the summer heat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the University of Arizona, Brierley says technologies can help save water: drip irrigation, soil-monitoring equipment, and wireless communication in farms that can communicate the exact amount of water every crop needs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A longtime farmer, Brierley is now an engineer working on agricultural technology: \u201cI think that\u2019ll be the solution to a lot of our problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farm communities are looking to Washington for funding. Recent federal laws have set aside billions for new water technology in the southwest<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This region has been a farming powerhouse for more than a century. According to local lore, in the 1800s, a passerby during the California gold rush noticed something special about that state\u2019s Imperial Valley: how perfectly rich soil, under warm, sunny skies, happened to be sitting near the river, but on lower ground. If only they\u2019d dig a canal and let gravity do its work, water would flow down and make this place an agricultural marvel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ensuing decades, the infrastructure was indeed built, capped by the monumental Hoover Dam in the 1930s. Ever since, water rights here have operated on a first-come-first-served principle, and the oldest agricultural areas have priority: southern California, and a pocket of southern Arizona<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s where so many of those mid-winter veggies come from. But now this region, too, faces potential cuts under that looming federal emergency plan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A farm worker harvests lettuce on farm land in Winterhaven, Calif. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fear not: Lettuce-growing will continue. It\u2019s a lucrative crop, requiring little water. So is broccoli. But if this region takes a water cut, as expected, there will still be consequences<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farmer Matt McGuire says he\u2019ll have to reduce his growing acreage. He rattles off a range of ripple effects he expects, should he curtail production: Less alfalfa, which means more expensive cattle feed and dairy products in this region; less durum wheat, which means fewer supplies for pasta-makers; and, he said, farmers scrambling to replace lost revenues from fallow fields. That, he figures, will likely lead to a 10-per-cent markup on goods like lettuce<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s gonna drive up the cost of vegetables,\u201d said McGuire, chief agricultural officer of JV Smith Companies, which supplies major food importers in Canada and the U.S. For a glimpse of what that might look like, look no further than your own grocery store<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last fall,\u00a0a lettuce shortage<\/a>\u00a0caused by drought and disease sent prices spiraling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Matt McGuire is the chief agricultural officer for JV Farms, which supplies major food importers in Canada and the U.S. (Jason Burles\/CBC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In a sense, every story is connected. Take migration. The world is seeing a historic volume of human movement, driven by conflict, crime and climate crises<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It so happens that one of the well-trod footpaths into the U.S., used by migrants, lies amid irrigated farms. In the spot where Arizona, California and Mexico all touch, migrants walk across, touch American soil and claim asylum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As they enter the U.S., they walk right over a dry riverbed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This used to be the Colorado River, before it was diverted at the Mexican border in the early 1900s. Now it\u2019s dust. Dust, surrounded by green fields<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And the race is on to keep the dust from spreading<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CBC<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

These are desperate days for the Colorado River The pulsing lifeblood of the U.S. southwest is increasingly parched. To avert catastrophe, the U.S. government will, within weeks, propose historic cuts in water access. It\u2019s a frantic move to protect a river that provides so much: drinking water for tens of millions of people, electricity and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":16315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[48,47],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nAn American water crisis. It could affect Canada, too\ufffc\ufffc – Ambassador Newspaper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ambassadornews.org\/en\/an-american-water-crisis-it-could-affect-canada-too\ufffc\ufffc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An American water crisis. It could affect Canada, too\ufffc\ufffc – Ambassador Newspaper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"These are desperate days for the Colorado River The pulsing lifeblood of the U.S. southwest is increasingly parched. To avert catastrophe, the U.S. government will, within weeks, propose historic cuts in water access. 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